1 May 2025 The Future is the Product of the Past

First Visual Evidence of the Milky Way Found in Ancient Egyptian Cosmological Vignettes

Did ancient Egyptians gaze upon the Milky Way and immortalize its form in their artwork? New research suggests this very possibility, with the potential identification of a 3,000-year-old visual representation on coffin decorations set to rewrite the history of early astronomical understanding.

The enigmatic artwork adorning ancient Egyptian coffins has revealed a potential 3,000-year-old secret: what researchers identify as the first known visual representation of the Milky Way, a revelation poised to redefine our perception of ancient astronomy.

A detailed analysis of coffins has yielded intriguing new perspectives on the depiction of the sky goddess Nut and a potential visual representation of the Milky Way, challenging long-held assumptions about their relationship.

Dr. Or Graur’s, an astrophysicist at the University of Portsmouth’s Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, meticulous examination of a vast catalog of ancient Egyptian coffin elements, specifically focusing on cosmological vignettes from the 21st/22nd Dynasties, has uncovered significant details that refine our understanding of ancient Egyptian celestial beliefs. His research, published in the Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, sheds new light on the visual representation of the cosmos and the role of the goddess Nut within it.

One of the most striking findings is the unique presence of a thick, undulating black curve bisecting the star-studded body of Nut on the outer coffin of Nesitaudjatakhet. This feature, Dr. Graur argues, bears a remarkable resemblance to the Great Rift, the dark band that visibly divides the Milky Way galaxy. This observation suggests, for the first time through visual evidence from this period, that the ancient Egyptians may have been aware of and depicted this prominent galactic feature.

The distinct undulating curve on Nesitaudjatakhet’s coffin strongly suggests a visual recognition of the Milky Way’s structure, particularly the Great Rift,” explains Dr. Graur. “This challenges the notion that the association between Nut and the Milky Way was purely symbolic or textual.”

Furthermore, Dr. Graur highlights the similarity of this undulating curve to representations of the Milky Way found in the spiritual iconography of cultures like the Navajo, Hopi, and Zuni, strengthening the argument for its identification as a visual depiction of our galaxy. The appearance of similar curves in the astronomical ceiling of Seti I’s tomb and along Nut’s back in later royal tombs adds further weight to this interpretation. This visual evidence also reopens the possibility that the ancient Egyptian term Winding Waterway could indeed have been their name for the Milky Way.

The astronomical ceiling in the tomb of Seti I (KV 17) features undulating black curves running between rows of yellow half-circles that frame both halves of the ceiling. Credit: Dr. Or Graur
The astronomical ceiling in the tomb of Seti I (KV 17) features undulating black curves running between rows of yellow half-circles that frame both halves of the ceiling. Credit: Dr. Or Graur

However, Dr. Graur’s analysis also reveals a crucial nuance in the relationship between Nut and the Milky Way. The rarity of this undulating curve on the coffins – observed in only one out of 118 cosmological vignettes – supports the idea that while the Milky Way was associated with Nut in her role as the sky, they were not considered synonymous. Instead, the galaxy was likely seen as one of the many celestial phenomena that adorned her form, much like the sun and the stars.

Another significant finding from the research is the underrepresentation of stars on Nut’s body in the cosmological vignettes. Only a quarter of these depictions show Nut covered in stars, leading Dr. Graur to suggest a potential preference for the day sky over the night sky during the 21st/22nd Dynasties. This observation prompts further investigation into funerary papyri and full-length portraits of Nut to determine if this preference was consistent throughout ancient Egyptian history.

Moreover, Dr. Graur’s work explores the evolution of Nut’s depiction on coffins, tracing the interplay between the cosmological vignette and full-length portraits from the New Kingdom to the Roman Period. He argues that the cosmological vignette, initially a continuation of earlier monumental depictions, eventually merged with full-length portraits, highlighting Nut’s dual cosmological and eschatological roles as the embodiment of the coffin itself and a conduit to the afterlife.

Finally, Dr. Graur emphasizes the critical importance of digitizing museum catalogs and providing free public access to these resources, citing the tragic fire at the Museu Nacional in Rio de Janeiro as a stark reminder of the urgency of preserving and sharing cultural heritage.

This research provides a fresh and detailed perspective on ancient Egyptian cosmology, offering compelling visual evidence for a potential early understanding and representation of the Milky Way while also refining our understanding of the complex relationship between the sky goddess Nut and the celestial phenomena she embodies.

Graur, O. (2025). The ancient Egyptian cosmological vignette: First visual evidence of the Milky Way and trends in coffin depictions of the sky goddess Nut. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 28(1), 97–124. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.140-2807.2025.01.06

Cover Image Credit: Dr. Or Graur

Related Articles

7 Gold Pendants Found Buried by Ancient Scandinavian Elites as a Sacrifice to the Gods

13 May 2021

13 May 2021

7 gold necklaces were found in a field near the Norwegian municipality of Østfold County Rade. Researchers believe that these...

Archaeologists uncover 4,000-year-old earliest large-scale Archaic fish-trapping facility recorded in ancient Mesoamerica

28 November 2024

28 November 2024

Archaeologists, using drones and Google Earth imagery, have discovered a 4,000-year-old network of earthen canals in what is now Belize...

Archeologists in Peru find a 1,000-year-old adolescent mummy wrapped in bundle

25 April 2023

25 April 2023

Archaeologists have unearthed a more than 1,000-year-old mummy on the outskirts of Peru’s capital, Lima. The mummified adolescent was wrapped...

Archaeologists discover one of the largest Phallus Relief Carving of ancient Rome

28 August 2022

28 August 2022

According to an announcement by the region’s local history museum, a large Roman-era relief carving of a phallus has been...

The 2800-year-old Urartians Lake, which is an engineering masterpiece of its time, is drying

13 July 2023

13 July 2023

Keşiş Lake in Van, in eastern Turkey, which was built by the Urartu King Rusa 2,800 years ago, was negatively...

For the first time in Turkish history, a gold belt buckle depicted the face of a Göktürk Khagan found

19 December 2023

19 December 2023

A social complex (Külliye) and new artifacts from the Western Gokturk period were discovered in Kazakhstan. Among these items, a...

Places to Visit in Oman

6 February 2021

6 February 2021

There are many places to visit in Oman. In this article, we wanted to talk about a wonderful country that...

Archaeologists have discovered the ruins of what may be one of the four lost Ancient Egyptian “Sun Temples”

31 July 2022

31 July 2022

A Polish and Italian archaeological mission, while conducting an excavation in the Abusir necropolis near Saqqara in Egypt, unearthed the...

A 4,500-year-old rope remains were discovered at Turkey’s Seyitömer mound

26 December 2021

26 December 2021

In the rescue excavation carried out in the mound, which is located within the license border of Çelikler Seyitömer Electricity...

Excavations at Meir Necropolis have turned up funerary artifacts from two distinct eras of ancient history

16 May 2023

16 May 2023

An Egyptian team of archaeologists has uncovered a collection of structural relics dated to the Byzantine and Late Period in...

Japan’s possibly oldest stone molds for bronze casting discovered at Yoshinogari ruins

4 December 2023

4 December 2023

At the Yoshinogari Ruins in the western prefecture of Saga, relics including stone casting molds for bronze artifacts have been...

In Oman, a 4,000-year-old Early Bronze Age settlement was unearthed

25 January 2022

25 January 2022

A large settlement dating back more than 4,000 years has been discovered in Oman. Archaeological excavations in the Wilayat of Rustaq,...

Lost Phrygian Inscription on Arslan Kaya Monument Deciphered

23 November 2024

23 November 2024

Professor Mark Munn of Pennsylvania State University has deciphered part of the inscription on the legendary Arslan Kaya Monument (also...

8,000-year-old Cave paintings found in Türkiye’s İnkaya Cave depict life and death

10 September 2023

10 September 2023

A number of cave paintings dating back some 8,000 years have been found in İnkaya cave in the Marmara province...

Culinary Habits of Ancient Maltese

24 February 2021

24 February 2021

Pottery shards found at the ancient settlement were analyzed for fragments of organic residue and protein. The culinary habits of...

Comments
Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *