2 April 2025 The Future is the Product of the Past

Archaeologists found a mysterious stone tablet in Georgia that contains an unknown language

Archaeologists have unearthed a basalt tablet with inscriptions in an unknown language near Lake Bashplemi, in the Dmanisi region of Georgia. Although the tablet’s exact age is uncertain, researchers believe it was created in the Late Bronze or Early Iron Ages (first millennium BCE) based on related artifacts such as stone mortar and pottery fragments.

Made of local vesicular basalt, it measures 24.1 x 20.1 cm and records 60 different symbols, 39 of which have no exact equivalent in other known ancient writing systems. The symbols, created using a conical drill and smoothed with rounded tools, reflect a high degree of craftsmanship.

Lake Bashplemi is located on a volcanic plateau surrounded by hills and fed by small tributaries of the Mashavera River. The region is known for its wealth of archaeological discoveries, especially in relation to human remains dating back as far as 1.8 million years.

Researchers discovered ceramic fragments, a mortar stone, and pieces of obsidian on the surface, indicating that the area may have had substantial human activity even though it had not been thoroughly investigated from an archaeological standpoint.

The basalt tablet contains 39 unique symbols arranged in seven horizontal lines or registers. Some of these symbols repeat, allowing for a total of 60 characters on the stone’s surface. The arrangement and frequency of some of the characters suggest that they may have been used to denote numbers or punctuation marks.

Aerial photos of Bashplemi Lakeshore in Georgia. Image Credit: R. Shengelia et al., Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology (2024)
Aerial photos of Bashplemi Lakeshore in Georgia. Image Credit: R. Shengelia et al., Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology (2024)

The ancient artisans employed sophisticated methods to produce these characters, such as a kind of conical drill to form the symbols’ initial outlines and rounded-headed instruments to smooth the marks. A high level of skill and sophisticated carving technique is indicated by the hardness of the basalt and the accuracy of the markings.

Archaeologists speculated that the writing may have recorded military spoils, construction projects, or offerings to deities.

 “Generally, the Bashplemi inscription does not repeat any script known to us; however, most of the symbols used therein resemble ones found in the scripts of the Middle East, as well as those of geographically remote countries such as India, Egypt, and West Iberia,” noted researchers in the Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology.

This inscription’s partial similarity to several ancient writing systems is among its most fascinating features. There are some similarities between seals from pre-Christian Georgia and the Proto-Kartvelian script from the fourth millennium BCE. Furthermore, certain symbols resemble aspects of early Caucasian scripts, like the Albanian and Georgian Mrgvlovani alphabets, as well as Near Eastern systems, like the Phoenician and Proto-Sinaitic. The Bashplemi inscription, however, does not exactly resemble any known writing system, which suggests that it might be a distinctive or regionally produced script.

Graphic representation of Bashplemi inscription characters and their numbering. Image Credit: R. Shengelia et al., Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology (2024)
Graphic representation of Bashplemi inscription characters and their numbering. Image Credit: R. Shengelia et al., Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology (2024)

This sign system adds complexity to the cultural history of the Caucasus, a region that, although situated at a crossroads between Asia and Europe, has been seen as a peripheral area in the history of ancient writings. Ancient texts, such as those by Apollonius of Rhodes and other Greek authors, reference writing in the region of Colchis, part of present-day western Georgia, but direct archaeological evidence for such systems has been scarce. More examples of this potential writing may not have survived because biodegradable materials like leather or wood were used, which cannot withstand the humid climate of the area.

The tablet’s authenticity is confirmed by a thorough analysis. Wear marks indicate attempts by contemporary locals to clean it, probably without realizing its significance, and its basalt composition is consistent with the local geology.

Ramaz Shengelia, Levan Gordeziani, et al., Discovery Of Unknown Script Characters In Georgia: The Bashplemi Lake Tablet. Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology, vol 11, no 3 (2024). DOI: 10.14795/j.v11i3.1035

Cover Image Credit: R. Shengelia et al., Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology (2024)

Related Articles

Anthropologists say humans have been using personal ornaments to communicate about themselves without the fuss of conversation – for millennia

24 September 2021

24 September 2021

Anthropologists believe that for millennia, individuals have used personal decorations to communicate about themselves without the hassle of dialogue. They...

Rare Ancient Stamps Found in Falster May Show Way to an Unknown King’s Home

27 July 2023

27 July 2023

In the center of Falster, southeast of Denmark, a man with a metal detector has made an important discovery. The...

Terracotta Figurines of the ancient cult of the goddess Cybele discovered in Pompeii Domus

26 December 2023

26 December 2023

Archaeologists unearthed 13 terracotta figurines during recent excavations in the Domus adjacent to the “House of Leda and the Swan”...

Recent Excavations in Spain Reveal 7th Century BCE Religious Structure, Showcasing Eastern Influences within Tartessian Culture

18 February 2025

18 February 2025

A research team led by the National University of Distance Education (UNED) has made an important archaeological discovery at the...

Archaeologists Discover Assyrian-Style Leather Armor 2,700 Years Old in China

11 December 2021

11 December 2021

The new research shows that the unique leather armor found in a horse rider’s tomb in Northwest China was made...

Hoysala temples inch closer towards UNESCO recognition

7 February 2022

7 February 2022

The Indian Union government recently proposed the Somanathapura temple in Mysuru district and Chennakeshava and Hoysaleshwara temples in Belur and...

Archaeologists discovered the secret ingredient that made Mayan plaster durable

20 April 2023

20 April 2023

Ancient Mayan masons had their own secrets for making lime plasters, mortars, and plasters, which they used to build their...

The 3,000-Year-Old Ancient City is Under Danger

8 February 2021

8 February 2021

For the port planned to be built in Izmir’s Aliağa district, a part of the 3,000-year-old ancient city is in...

A 2700-year-old collection of more than 60 bronze and iron objects found in Bükk in northwestern Hungary

2 October 2024

2 October 2024

An excavation project led by a university team specializing in the Bronze and Iron Ages in Bükk in northwestern Hungary,...

3000-year-old clay figurine discovered in Germany may be a prehistoric water goddess

14 July 2022

14 July 2022

Archaeologists have discovered a rare clay figurine thought to represent a prehistoric water goddess in the Schweinfurt region of Germany....

In Peru, Archaeologists Discovered an Ancient Dance Floor that can Imitate Rumbling of Thunder

21 July 2023

21 July 2023

Archaeologists have discovered an ancient “sounding” dance floor in Peru that was designed to create a drum-like sound when stepped...

A rural necropolis from Late Antiquity discovered in northeastern France

5 November 2022

5 November 2022

Inrap archaeologists have unearthed a small rural necropolis from the late 5th century (Late Antiquity) at Sainte-Marie-aux-Chênes in northeastern France....

60 Elongated Structures of Unknown Function and Neolithic Silos Discovered in France

12 October 2024

12 October 2024

The Pfulgriesheim site, located in northeastern France’s Alsace region, underwent extensive archaeological research before being developed as a new urban...

Excavations Near Stonehenge Uncover Bronze Age Barrow Cemetery

4 June 2023

4 June 2023

The Cotswold Archeology team excavating at the site of a planned housing development near Salisbury, England, has unearthed a giant...

1,500-year-old feast mosaic found in Turkey

2 February 2022

2 February 2022

A 50-square-meter mosaic depicting an open-air feast dating back 1,500 years ago was unearthed during excavations in the ancient city...