26 May 2025 The Future is the Product of the Past

The Oldest Evidence of Stone Blade Production in Southern Arabia: 80,000-Year-Old Stone Blades Discovered

An international team of researchers led by Knut Bretzke of Friedrich Schiller University Jena uncovered 80,000-year-old stone blades at the rock shelter site of Jebel Faya in the Emirate of Sharjah.

The discovery of the oldest evidence to date of the systematic production of stone blades on the Arabian Peninsula marks a significant advancement in the understanding of prehistoric human technology in the region.  This discovery provides new insights into the history of human habitation in Arabia and the possible routes used by Homo sapiens in their expansion out of Africa, highlighting the cultural practices associated with tool-making and the migration patterns of early humans.

Published in the journal Archaeological and Anthropological Science, the study emphasizes the crucial role of southern Arabia in the cultural evolution and diversification of early human populations in Southwest Asia, with the artifacts being dated to approximately 80,000 years using luminescence techniques.

Dr. Bretzke notes that the region’s climatic history has been marked by dramatic changes, transitioning from a period of favorable conditions—characterized by permanent rivers and lakes—beginning around 130,000 years ago, to an extreme arid phase that significantly influenced human settlement and cultural practices.

The findings suggest that while northern and southern Arabia experienced distinct cultural developments during this transition, the shared traditions in stone tool production indicate a complex interplay of human activity across the peninsula. This differentiation is crucial for understanding the timeline and pathways of early human migrations from Africa to Asia.

Examples of the 80,000-year-old stone blades found at Jebel Faya. The relatively thin and uniform blades indicate efficient manufacturing methods and are flexible in use. This was an advantage for the hunters and gatherers in South Arabia and allowed settlement even in climatically unfavorable periods. Illustration: Mojdeh Lajmiri
Examples of the 80,000-year-old stone blades found at Jebel Faya. The relatively thin and uniform blades indicate efficient manufacturing methods and are flexible in use. This was an advantage for the hunters and gatherers in South Arabia and allowed settlement even in climatically unfavorable periods. Illustration: Mojdeh Lajmiri

The research indicates that the global expansion of Homo sapiens occurred in multiple waves, with evidence from Jebel Faya suggesting that one such migration along the southern Arabian Peninsula took place around 80,000 years ago. However, a notable challenge remains: the absence of Paleolithic human remains in southern Arabia limits the ability to conduct genetic analyses that could provide deeper insights into the populations that once inhabited the area.

Excavations at Jebel Faya have revealed evidence of human activity spanning from approximately 210,000 to 10,000 years ago, with extensive digging reaching depths of five meters. Despite the wealth of stone tools discovered, the lack of fossilized remains hinders direct connections between these artifacts and specific genetic lineages.

The interdisciplinary project, involving researchers from Jena, Tübingen, and Freiburg in Germany, as well as Oxford Brookes University in the UK, collaborates closely with local authorities in Sharjah to facilitate ongoing excavations and analyses.

This discovery not only deepens our understanding of early human migrations but also indicates that southern Arabia had a more complex and vital role in the expansion of Homo sapiens than previously thought. As research progresses, archaeologists are hopeful that further evidence will emerge, shedding light on the region’s ancient history and the innovative strategies early humans employed to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

Knut Bretzke, Frank Preusser, Kira Raith, Gareth Preston, Seolmin Kim, Sabah Jasim, Eisa Yousif und Adrian Parker: Archaeology, chronology, and sedimentological context of the youngest Middle Palaeolithic assemblage from Jebel Faya, United Arab Emirates, Archaeological and Anthropological Science, DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02164

Cover Image Credit: The Jebel Faya archaeological site on the Arabian Peninsula.
Credit: Knut Bretzke

Related Articles

Medieval ship found off the west coast of Sweden

5 February 2022

5 February 2022

A previously undiscovered wreck has been found outside of Fjällbacka on the Swedish west coast. Analysis of wood samples shows...

A 2,000-year-old Roman grave belonging to soldier Flaccus unearthed in Netherlands

9 December 2024

9 December 2024

Archaeologists have uncovered a 2,000-year-old grave from the Roman settlement in Heerlen, Netherlands. The latest analysis has shown that it...

Exciting Discovery of oldest English coin in Canada

16 November 2022

16 November 2022

A gold coin found on the south coast of Newfoundland, Canada’s easternmost province, may be the oldest known English coin...

Morocco team announces 1.3 million years major Stone Age find

29 July 2021

29 July 2021

A multinational team of archaeologists announced the discovery of North Africa’s oldest Stone Age hand-ax manufacturing site, going back 1.3...

A 12.000 -year-old temple was found during excavations in Boncuklu Tarla in southeastern Turkey

21 October 2021

21 October 2021

A temple thought to be 12 thousand years old was unearthed in Boncuklu Tarla in the Ilısu Neighborhood of Dargeçit...

1100-Year-Old Rare Sealed Amphora Discovered on Shipwreck off Türkiye Coast

27 April 2025

27 April 2025

Underwater excavations near Kaş, Antalya, on Turkey’s southwestern coast, have yielded fascinating insights into ancient Mediterranean seafaring and trade. A...

New insights into Scotland’s ‘bodies in the bog’

31 March 2022

31 March 2022

Fourteen bodies were found at Cramond near Edinburgh in 1975. New research suggests that two of the remains of these...

New Discoveries Made in World’s Oldest Ancient Shipyard

11 June 2024

11 June 2024

Associate Professor Hakan Öniz, who discovered the world’s largest and oldest shipyard dating back to the Bronze Age in 2015...

The Catacombs of Commodilla in Rome will open to the public for the first time

21 September 2022

21 September 2022

The fourth-century Catacombs of Commodilla in Rome’s Garbatella district will reopen to the public soon after the Vatican’s Pontifical Commission...

Khirbet Midras pyramid and  Archaeological Site in Israel

28 November 2022

28 November 2022

Khirbet Midras (Arabic) or Horvat Midras (Hebrew) is one of several antiquities sites located within the Adullam Grove National Park,...

Paleontologists discovered Super-sized fossil skink

14 June 2023

14 June 2023

According to newly discovered fossils, a giant skink with spiky armor and powerful jaws roamed New South Wales until about...

Archaeologists have discovered a treasure trove of sixth-century coins in ancient Phanagoria in Russia

27 July 2021

27 July 2021

Archaeologists have discovered 80 coins known as Copper staters dating back to the sixth century at Phanagoria on the Black...

Dark secrets of Korea’s famous Wolseong palace complex are unearthed

8 September 2021

8 September 2021

The remains of an adult woman were discovered at the base of the Wolseong palace in Gyeongju, North Gyeongsang province,...

Sumatran fishing crews may have found the legendary Gold Island in the Mud of the Indonesian River

24 October 2021

24 October 2021

The site of the Srivijaya kingdom, known in ancient times as the Island of Gold, may have been found by...

Seven Roman altars multicolored in the Great Northern Museum

12 November 2021

12 November 2021

We know that the ancient world is now very colorful. But these colors weren’t just limited to robes and other...